Large Toothwort

Cardamine maxima

Evidence: TFamily: Brassicaceae

Native American medicinal plant used as gastrointestinal aid. Documented among Menominee, Ojibwa.

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How to Prepare Large Toothwort

Decoction (Roots, Bark & Seeds)Easy · 25-45 minutes

Equipment

Pot with lid (non-aluminum), Strainer, Measuring spoon, Stove

Instructions

1Place 1 tablespoon of dried root, bark, or seeds per 12 oz of cold water in a pot.
2Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to a low simmer.
3Cover and simmer for 20-40 minutes. Harder roots (like Astragalus) may need up to 45 minutes.
4The liquid should reduce by about one-third.

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Strain through a fine mesh strainer, pressing the herbs to extract all liquid.

6Drink 1-3 cups daily. Can be combined with honey or blended with an infusion.

Tips

• Use a non-aluminum pot — aluminum can react with plant compounds.
• Decoctions are necessary for roots, bark, seeds, and mushrooms — these are too tough for simple steeping.
• You can simmer mushrooms (Reishi, Chaga) for 2+ hours for stronger extraction.

Some roots are very potent — follow specific dosing guidelines for individual herbs. Avoid decocting herbs with volatile oils (peppermint, chamomile) as you will lose the beneficial compounds.

Refrigerate and use within 48-72 hours. Can be gently reheated.

Herbal Tea (Infusion)Easy · 10-15 minutes

Equipment

Kettle or pot, Mug or teapot, Strainer or tea infuser, Measuring spoon

Instructions

1Bring fresh water to a rolling boil (200-212°F / 93-100°C).
2Place 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb (or 1 tablespoon fresh) per 8 oz cup into your strainer or infuser.
3Pour hot water over the herbs and cover to prevent volatile oils from escaping.
4Steep for 10-15 minutes for medicinal strength (5 minutes for a lighter, everyday tea).
5Remove the strainer/herbs. Add honey, lemon, or other herbs to taste if desired.
6Drink 1-3 cups daily, or as directed by a qualified herbalist.

Tips

• Covering while steeping is important — it traps beneficial volatile compounds.
• Leaves and flowers generally need 10-15 minutes; roots and bark need a decoction instead.
• Make larger batches and refrigerate for up to 48 hours.

Start with a small amount to check for any sensitivity. Not all herbs are suitable for tea preparation — some require alcohol extraction (tincture) for full potency.

Drink fresh or refrigerate for up to 48 hours. Dried herbs should be stored in airtight containers away from light.

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